Ecological criticism is the study of the relationship between literature and the environment. This field of study was established in the United States in the 1960s. It was initially titled… Read More

A pertinent question in the critique of prose style is whether a writer has one style or more. This paper attempts to address this concern in the context of Urdu prose. The central idea is that a… Read More

Franz Kafka's ideological universe is imperceptible, symbolic and complicated. This article points out various contradictory connotations in Kafka's work. Milan Kundera, Borges and Camus have… Read More

This article overviews the influence of the Anjuman-e Punjab, a colonial institution created to bring about social welfare, better education, as well as business etc. in 1865. The author explores… Read More

Urdu literature has a pronounced and rich creative practice in its history. From Mir to Meeraji, one experiences a variety of poetic processes, not just in poetry, but in prose as well. In this… Read More

Sounds are of two types: vowels and consonants. Although the Urdu language inherited sounds and writing symbols from Arabic and Persian, Urdu phonetics is different from that of Persian and Arabic… Read More

Lexicography is the scientific practice of writing and compiling dictionaries. It is widely considered an independent scholarly discipline, though it is a subfield within linguistics. It is… Read More

Modern knowledge and science is believed to have rejected most traditional beliefs and concepts. Darwin, through his theory of evolution, presented man as an evolved version of the monkey. Freud… Read More

Nasir Abbas Nayyar is not only a famous critic of Urdu language and literature but also an eminent story writer. In his short stories, topic and language-related experimentation can be observed.… Read More

Artistic personalities, by their creative works, express their concept of beauty, though it is not necessary for it to comply with the philosophical dialects of aesthetics. But even then, their… Read More

Renowned short story writer, novel writer, Urdu critic and theorist Shamsur Rahman Faruqi has many achievements to his credit. Over the past seventy to seventy-five years, he has composed… Read More

Meeraji (born Sanaullah Sani Dar Meeraji) is one of the most creditable names of modern Urdu poetry, known for works such as Meeraji kē Gīt and Tīn Rang. As is true for all poets, it is integral… Read More

Afghanistan is historically known for its eminent Persian poets. While the oldest known Persian poetess belonged to this land, it did not provide a very conducive environment for poetry by women.… Read More

East Pakistan—now Bangladesh—was a great base for the Urdu film industry of united Pakistan. From 1959 to 1971, East Pakistan passed what is termed as the ‘golden era’ of Pakistani cinema. 64… Read More

Enver Sajjad is well-known in the Urdu world as a short story writer, novelist and a playwright. He served as the first chairman of the Alhambra Arts Council (1973-1975) and recieved the Pride of… Read More

Pakistan-based sociologist of religion and a philosopher of science, Basit Bilal Koshul argues that Muhammad Iqbal’s Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam can be reread as a reconstruction… Read More

The eighteenth-century English Oriental tale has in recent scholarship been read as both productive and dissident. But the legacies of this literary genre in the Indian colony and its role in the… Read More